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ANCIENT REGION OF GANDHARA, 2ND/3RD CENTURY
16.5 x 45.5 cm (6 1/2 x 18 in.)
Footnotes
犍陀羅 二/三世紀 片岩「初轉法輪」與「佛陀涅槃」石碑
Provenance
Private New Jersey Collection, before 1969
Bonhams, New York, 19 March 2019, lot 882
Beneath a projecting cornice carved with a dentil band, two episodes from the life of the Buddha are set in high relief and divided by a framing pilaster. At the right, the Buddha sits in an assembly of disciples, delivering the First Sermon at the Deer Park, where he set the wheel of the Dharma in motion and taught the path to liberation for the first time. At the left he lies in parinirvana upon his couch, his mourners pressed close about him, several with their arms raised in lament.
Small seated Buddhas in their own niches on the pilasters punctuate the composition, and the motif is carried around both returns, so that the rhythm of the front continues unbroken to either side. The frieze would originally have formed part of a stupa, where the narrative scenes were viewed sequentially by devotees performing clockwise circumambulation, keeping the stupa and its relics to their right. Thus, the juxtaposition of these two scenes serves a fundamentally didactic purpose, bringing together the Buddha's teaching of the path to liberation and his own final liberation.
Compare a relief of the First Sermon at the Deer Park in the British Museum, London (acc. no. 1979,0130.1). For a panel with a comparable seated Buddha on the pilaster, see an example sold at Christie's, New York, 21 March 2007, lot 232.