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NORTHEASTERN INDIA, PALA PERIOD, 12TH CENTURY
Himalayan Art Resources item no. 207021
55 cm (21 5/8 in.) high
Footnotes
印度東北部 帕拉時期 十二世紀 黑石毗濕奴像
Provenance
Private California Collection, acquired in the 1970s
Sotheby's, New York, 19 March 2014, lot 48
Private American Collection
Vishnu is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, identifiable by his formal frontal stance, tall, mitered crown, and distinctive attributes. As the Preserver within the Hindu trinity alongside Brahma and Shiva, he is responsible for maintaining cosmic order and balance. When this order is threatened, Vishnu descends to earth in one of his many forms (avatars) to restore harmony and protect the world. Here, he is represented in his transcendent divine form rather than in one of his earthly incarnations.
He holds a mace, chakra, and conch, while his lower right hand is shown in , the gesture of charity or boon-giving, with a lotus carved into the palm. His consorts, Lakshmi and Sarasvati, stand on either side, further flanked by donor figures. The throne back, with its makara heads, leogryphs, and protective mask at the apex, derives from earlier Indian sculptural traditions and is a format widely employed in Pala-period sculpture. Celestial garland bearers hover above, while kneeling devotees below raise their hands in prayer.
The composition is comparable to a larger Vishnu with Consorts stele in the National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution (F1927.7).