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Eastern Zhou Dynasty or later
Comprising: a spinach green jade disc with black inclusions, 8.9cm (3 1/2in) diam.; the second of white jade, pierced with an aperture to the raised edge, 5.8cm (2 1/4in) diam.; the third of white jade with russet patches, 5.3cm (2 1/8in) diam.; the fourth of green jade with russet inclusions, 5.7cm (2 1/4in) diam.; the fifth of greyish-white jade with beige and cloudy inclusions, 5cm (2in) diam.; the sixth of calcified jade with brown and cloudy inclusions, 4.4cm (1 3/4in) diam.; and the seventh of white jade with russet inclusions, attached to a cord strung with a small bead, 3.3cm (1 1/4in) diam. (7).
Footnotes
東周或其後 玉環及瑗 一組七件
Although there is a traditional view that all jade discs with a central aperture are bi as can be seen in some archaeological reports, some scholars, including Zhou Nanquan, argue that these objects should be classified more carefully according to the definitions in historical records. According to the 'Explanation of Ritual Objects' (釋器) chapter of the Han dynasty lexicon Approach to Correct (爾雅): 'When the width of the rim is twice the diameter of the central hole, it is called a bi. When the diameter of the central hole is twice the width of the rim, it is called a yuan. When the width of the rim and the diameter of the central hole are equal, it is called a ' (肉倍好謂之璧,好倍肉謂之瑗,肉好若一謂之環). For further discussion of this topic, see Zhou Nanquan, 'Lun Zhongguo gudai de yuqi' (論中國古代的玉璧), , 1991(1), pp.76-88.
Compare with a related jade disc, Eastern Zhou dynasty, excavated from the Donghaizi site, Jilin Province, now in the collection of the Ji'an Museum, illustrated in (中國出土玉器全集), vol.2, Beijing, 2005, p.181.
See a related celadon and russet jade disc, , Shang to Western Zhou dynasty, which was sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 28 November 2018, lot 509. See also a related jade disc, , Shang to Western Zhou dynasty, which was sold at Christie's London, 4 November 2008, lot 115.