拍品名称
或為東周/漢及以後 玉璧、環及瑗 一組九件 | NINE JADE DISCS, BI, HUAN, AND YUAN
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Probably Eastern Zhou/Han Dynasty and later
The discs of varying sizes and proportions, carved from stones displaying a broad range of natural colours and inclusions, from pale grey and green to warm beige and deep russet, two with raised collars. The largest, 6.3cm (2 1/2in) diam. (9).
Footnotes
或為東周/漢及以後 玉璧、環及瑗 一組九件
Jade bi, huan, and yuan were important objects in ancient China, each carrying distinctive ritual and social significance. According to the late Warring States period text Xunzi (荀子), 'Consult a worthy gentleman with a bi; summon a person with a yuan; dismiss a person with a jue; recall one who has been dismissed with a huan' (問士以璧,召人以瑗,絕人已玦,反絕以環). This passage illustrates how different jade forms functioned as material symbols of specific social relationships and ceremonial practices.
See a related jade disc, Spring and Autumn period, excavated from the tomb of Duke Qin of Jing, Shanxi Province, in the collection of Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum, Xi'an, and a jade disc, Warring States period, excavated from Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, in the collection of Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, both illustrated in (陝西出土東周玉器), Beijing, 2006 p.66 and p.182.
See two related jade discs, Warring States period/Han dynasty or later, which were sold at Bonhams London, 1 November 2021, lot 457. See also a group of nine mottled green and brown jade discs, which was sold at Christie's London, 7 December 2018, lot 662 (part lot).