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Width 2⅛ in., 5.5 cm
来源:安思遠,紐約
Anthony Carter Ltd.,倫敦
图录
说明:Of serene celadon stone, suffused with russet splashes, the present cong retains the visual impact and drama of cong from the traditional Liangzhu canon while departing in its innovative design.
Although a fairly large number of neolithic jades appear to have survived the fall of the Liangzhu culture and the advent of the Shang dynasty, such as those preserved in the lavishly adorned tomb of Fu Hao (d. ca. 1200 BCE), the original ritual purposes and design schemata of these neolithic forms, including bi discs and cong rings, appear to have been lost in the transition.
In place of the fairly formalized masks of the Liangzhu, the Shang dynasty saw the rise of alternative cong designs: most famously those of unadorned surfaces but also a much smaller number, apparently including the present, which reimagined the anthropomorphic designs of their predecessors. Compare a closely related cong from the Grenville L. Winthrop Collection at the Harvard Art Museums, with eyes similarly aligned with their mouths in opposition to Liangzhu convention, in Max Loehr, Ancient Chinese Jades, Cambridge, 1975, pl. 237; and two similarly inexplicable geometric cong uncovered from the tomb of Fu Hao in the Shang capital of Anyang in The Jades from Yinxu, Beijing, 1981, pls 12 and 13.
Although a Shang dynasty attribution appears to be most convincing, similarly inexplicable yet striking cong designs appear to have also predated the Shang, particularly in the more remote regions. Compare a fascinating cong with the circular eyes of the mask design atypically carved into a ground of horizontal lines, uncovered from a neolithic site at Dantu, Wulian, Shandong province, and now preserved in the Wulian Museum in Gu Fang, The Complete Collection of Jades Unearthed in China, vol. 4 Shandong, Beijing, 2005, p. 28.